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Australian Consumer Law Compliance

Unfair contract terms.
Now carry a $50M penalty.

Since November 2023, using unfair contract terms in standard form contracts is a civil penalty offence. Small business contracts are now covered alongside consumer contracts. Kontractually reviews your standard form agreements for prescribed unfair terms before you issue them.

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Prescribed unfair term types

6 types of unfair contract terms to check in your standard agreements.

These are the term types most commonly identified as unfair. Kontractually checks for each against your contracts.

1
Unilateral variation clauses
Clauses allowing one party to vary the agreement without consent. Example: 'We may amend these terms at any time by posting updated terms to our website.' This is a prescribed unfair term under ACL Schedule 2.
2
One-sided termination rights
Clauses allowing one party to terminate without cause at any time, while the other party has limited or no termination rights. Courts look at the balance of termination rights between parties.
3
Automatic liability transfer
Clauses that impose liability on one party for events outside their control, or that allow one party to avoid liability while the other bears full risk.
4
Exclusion of rights to sue
Clauses requiring disputes to be resolved by a method determined by one party, or limiting one party's access to courts or dispute resolution.
5
Disproportionate early termination fees
Exit fees or minimum commitment terms that impose a penalty on one party significantly exceeding the other party's actual costs from termination.
6
Unilateral price variation
Clauses allowing one party to increase prices without the other party's consent or a clear agreed formula. Common in SaaS, services, and supply agreements.
FAQ

Unfair contract terms questions.

More questions? Email us.

The unfair contract terms (UCT) protections in the Australian Consumer Law were extended to small business contracts on 12 November 2023. The definition of 'small business' is broad: a party is a small business if it has fewer than 100 employees or less than $10 million annual turnover at the time of contracting. Both parties can be small businesses - the protection applies to either side. Before November 2023, UCT protections only covered consumer contracts.

Since November 2023, using or relying on an unfair contract term is a civil penalty provision. The ACCC and state consumer protection agencies can seek penalties of up to $50 million (for corporations), $2.5 million (for individuals), or 3 times the value of the benefit obtained from the unfair term. Previously, unfair terms were simply void - there were no penalties. The 2023 reforms made UCT a genuine enforcement priority.

A standard form contract is one prepared by one party where the other party has little or no opportunity to negotiate the terms. Courts look at: whether the contract is offered on a take-it-or-leave-it basis, whether one party prepared all the terms, and whether the other party had a genuine opportunity to negotiate. Many business-to-business contracts that are described as 'standard' may qualify, even if the counterparty could theoretically have negotiated.

Yes. Configure a playbook with rules for the prescribed unfair term categories: unilateral variation, one-sided termination, disproportionate exit fees, automatic liability transfer, and unilateral price variation. Kontractually checks every contract against these rules and flags provisions that exhibit unfair term characteristics. This is particularly useful for reviewing your own standard form contracts before issuing them.

Both. If you issue standard form contracts to consumers or small businesses, your own terms need to comply. If you receive standard form contracts from suppliers or service providers, you may have protections against their unfair terms. Kontractually supports both use cases - review incoming contracts for unfair terms you can challenge, and review your own templates to avoid using unfair terms that could attract penalties.

Check your standard contracts for unfair terms before you issue them.

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